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Reference: enrichment

After extracting and transforming collection data from sources such as Airtable and Google Sheets, Paradicms automatically enriches the data by resolving references to external data sources.

Creative Commons Licenses

Many collections reference Creative Commons licenses, RightsStatements.org rights statements, and other widely-used Linked Data datasets. Although Paradicms provides mechanisms for explicitly adding licenses and rights statements to collection datasets, it is convenient to automatically resolve references to commonly-used IRIs and include the corresponding RDF in the collection dataset.

Paradicms will automatically add RDF for a Creative Commons License to a collection dataset for any Creative Commons license IRI referenced in a license statement.

For example, an Image with a license property of http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ will induce Paradicms to automatically include the associated Creative Commons license RDF in the collection dataset:

Example license reference
<http://example.com/image> a dcmitype:Image ;
dcterms:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/>
.
Automatically-included Creative Commons RDF
<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/> a creativecommons:License ;
creativecommons:legalcode <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode> ;
creativecommons:licenseClass <http://creativecommons.org/license/> ;
creativecommons:permits creativecommons:DerivativeWorks,
creativecommons:Distribution,
creativecommons:Reproduction ;
creativecommons:prohibits creativecommons:CommercialUse ;
creativecommons:requires creativecommons:Attribution,
creativecommons:Notice ;
dc:creator <http://creativecommons.org> ;
dc:identifier "by-nc" ;
dc:title "Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International"@en ;
dcterms:hasVersion "4.0" ;
foaf:logo <http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/80x15.png>,
<http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png> .

The table below documents the available Creative Commons licenses and their IRIs.

IRILabel
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BSD/BSD License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/Attribution 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/Attribution 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/Attribution 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Attribution 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/1.0/Attribution-NoDerivs 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/Attribution-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.5/Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/devnations/2.0/Developing Nations License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/GPL/2.0/GNU General Public License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/LGPL/2.1/GNU Lesser General Public License
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/Public Domain Mark 1.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/MIT/MIT License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc/1.0/NonCommercial 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc-sampling+/1.0/NonCommercial Sampling Plus 1.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nc-sa/1.0/NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nd/1.0/NoDerivs 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/nd-nc/1.0/NoDerivs-NonCommercial 1.0 Generic
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/Public Domain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling/1.0/Sampling 1.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sampling+/1.0/Sampling Plus 1.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/sa/1.0/ShareAlike 1.0 Generic

Getty Works

Paradicms will automatically add Linked Art RDF to a collection dataset for any Getty object referenced in a sameAs statement. The Getty enricher will also IIIF Presentation API image metadata for images associated with the referenced object.

For example, a Work with a sameAs property of https://data.getty.edu/museum/collection/object/4d302ecd-f3a5-4e52-9e97-ca3ca8d5c9e6 (corresponding to this Getty collection object) will induce Paradicms to include the RDF at that URL in the graph as well as the associated IIIF Presentation API manifest. Paradicms apps will merge properties from the Work and the Getty collection object linked by sameAs, including Getty Images referenced by the Getty collection object.

Example sameAs reference to a Getty collection object
<http://example.com/work> owl:sameAs <https://data.getty.edu/museum/collection/object/4d302ecd-f3a5-4e52-9e97-ca3ca8d5c9e6> .
Automatically-included, abridged Getty Linked Art RDF
<https://data.getty.edu/museum/collection/object/4d302ecd-f3a5-4e52-9e97-ca3ca8d5c9e6> a crm:E22_Human-Made_Object ;
rdfs:label "Minerva" ;
crm:P108i_was_produced_by <https://data.getty.edu/museum/collection/object/4d302ecd-f3a5-4e52-9e97-ca3ca8d5c9e6/production> ;
crm:P128_carries <https://data.getty.edu/museum/collection/object/4d302ecd-f3a5-4e52-9e97-ca3ca8d5c9e6/signature/dad3bb7b-490b-4ac5-995f-35e40ce81f53> ;
crm:P129i_is_subject_of <https://media.getty.edu/iiif/manifest/9ab53ead-ad00-460c-ab86-559cfd4d839c>,
<https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/103RRE> ;
crm:P138i_has_representation <https://media.getty.edu/iiif/image/fcbc34dd-cd8a-4a5b-8fd6-cd769588b9a8/full/full/0/default.jpg>
.

Metropolitan Museum of Art Works

Paradicms will automatically add Schema.org RDF to a collection dataset for any Metropolitan Museum of Art object referenced in a sameAs statement. An object should be referenced by its Collection API URL.

For example, a Work with a sameAs property of https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/436535 (corresponding to Van Gogh's "Wheat Field with Cypresses") will induce Paradicms to retrieve the JSON representation of a collection object from that collection API URL and transform the JSON into Schema.org-compatible RDF. Paradicms apps will merge properties from the Work and the Met collection object linked by sameAs and add associated Met collection images as Images.

Example sameAs reference to a Met collection object
<http://example.com/work> owl:sameAs <https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/436535> .
Original JSON from the Met collection API
{
"objectID": 436535,
"isHighlight": true,
"accessionNumber": "1993.132",
"accessionYear": "1993",
"isPublicDomain": true,
"primaryImage": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/original/DT1567.jpg",
"primaryImageSmall": "https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/web-large/DT1567.jpg",
"additionalImages": [
"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/original/LC-EP_1993_132_suppl_CH-004.jpg",
"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/original/LC-EP_1993_132_suppl_CH-003.jpg",
"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/original/LC-EP_1993_132_suppl_CH-002.jpg",
"https://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/ep/original/LC-EP_1993_132_suppl_CH-001.jpg"
],
"constituents": [
{
"constituentID": 161947,
"role": "Artist",
"name": "Vincent van Gogh",
"constituentULAN_URL": "http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500115588",
"constituentWikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582",
"gender": ""
}
],
"department": "European Paintings",
"objectName": "Painting",
"title": "Wheat Field with Cypresses",
"culture": "",
"period": "",
"dynasty": "",
"reign": "",
"portfolio": "",
"artistRole": "Artist",
"artistPrefix": "",
"artistDisplayName": "Vincent van Gogh",
"artistDisplayBio": "Dutch, Zundert 1853–1890 Auvers-sur-Oise",
"artistSuffix": "",
"artistAlphaSort": "Gogh, Vincent van",
"artistNationality": "Dutch",
"artistBeginDate": "1853",
"artistEndDate": "1890",
"artistGender": "",
"artistWikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5582",
"artistULAN_URL": "http://vocab.getty.edu/page/ulan/500115588",
"objectDate": "June 1889",
"objectBeginDate": 1889,
"objectEndDate": 1889,
"medium": "Oil on canvas",
"dimensions": "28 7/8 × 36 3/4 in. (73.2 × 93.4 cm)",
"measurements": [
{
"elementName": "Overall",
"elementDescription": null,
"elementMeasurements": {
"Height": 73.34264,
"Width": 93.4
}
},
{
"elementName": "Glazing",
"elementDescription": "See Notes in Description",
"elementMeasurements": {
"Height": 75.24765,
"Width": 94.93269
}
}
],
"creditLine": "Purchase, The Annenberg Foundation Gift, 1993",
"geographyType": "",
"city": "",
"state": "",
"county": "",
"country": "",
"region": "",
"subregion": "",
"locale": "",
"locus": "",
"excavation": "",
"river": "",
"classification": "Paintings",
"rightsAndReproduction": "",
"linkResource": "",
"metadataDate": "2023-06-29T04:56:37.033Z",
"repository": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY",
"objectURL": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436535",
"tags": [
{
"term": "Landscapes",
"AAT_URL": "http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300132294",
"Wikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191163"
},
{
"term": "Cypresses",
"AAT_URL": "http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300343641",
"Wikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146911"
},
{
"term": "Summer",
"AAT_URL": "http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300133099",
"Wikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313"
}
],
"objectWikidata_URL": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18689458",
"isTimelineWork": true,
"GalleryNumber": "199"
}
Automatically-included, abridged Schema.org RDF transformed from the JSON
<https://collectionapi.metmuseum.org/public/collection/v1/objects/436535> a schema:CreativeWork ;
schema:creditText "Purchase, The Annenberg Foundation Gift, 1993" ;
schema:dateCreated "June 1889" ;
schema:license <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/> ;
schema:material "Oil on canvas" ;
schema:name "Wheat Field with Cypresses" ;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18689458> ;
schema:size "28 7/8 × 36 3/4 in. (73.2 × 93.4 cm)" .

North Carolina State University Library Works

Paradicms will automatically add Schema.org RDF to a collection dataset for any North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries collections catalog item referenced in a sameAs statement.

Example sameAs reference to a Getty collection object
<http://example.com/work> owl:sameAs <https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/0002030> .
Automatically-included, abridged Schema.org from the NCSU Libraries collections catalog
<https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/0002030> a schema:CreativeWork ;
schema:dateCreated "None"^^schema:Date ;
schema:description "Back of photograph: \"News Services January 1991 / Centennial Campus Model / Dr. Jerry L. Whitten / Claude E. McKinney / Dr. Ralph K. Calvin III / Chancellor Larry K. Monteith\" Centennial Campus, named in honor of the school's centennial in 1987, was originally composed of 355 acres south across Western Boulevard that Governor James B. Hunt offered to the University in 1984. The campus has continued to expand to its present 1,000 acres and 25 buildings over the past two decades. According to its website (http://centennial.ncsu.edu/overview/index.html), \"Centennial Campus is North Carolina State University's vision of the future. This \"technopolis\" consists of multi-disciplinary R&D neighborhoods, with university, corporate, and government facilities intertwined. A middle school, residential housing, executive conference center and hotel, golf course, town center and recreational amenities will weave the campus into a true interactive community.\"" ;
schema:genre "Architectural photographs" ;
schema:image <https://iiif.lib.ncsu.edu/iiif/0002030/full/350,/0/default.jpg> ;
schema:inLanguage "eng" ;
schema:isPartOf <https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog?f%5Bispartof_facet%5D%5B%5D=University+Archives+Photographs&to=catalog%23show_metadata> ;
schema:keywords "Campus and Town",
"People" ;
schema:name "Administrators with Centennial Campus model" ;
schema:thumbnailUrl <https://iiif.lib.ncsu.edu/iiif/0002030/full/350,/0/default.jpg> ;
schema:url ns394:0002030 .

RightsStatements.org RightsStatements

Paradicms will automatically add RDF for a RightsStatements.org rights statement to a collection dataset for any RightsStatements.org rights statement IRI referenced in a rights statement:

Example rights statement reference
<http://example.com/image> dcterms:rights <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/> .
Automatically-included RightsStatements.org RDF
<http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/> a dcterms:RightsStatement ;
dcterms:description "This Rights Statement indicates that the Item labeled with this Rights Statement is in copyright but that educational use is allowed without the need to obtain additional permission."@en ;
dcterms:identifier "InC-EDU" ;
skos:definition """This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights.

You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses.

For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."""@en ;
skos:note "Unless expressly stated otherwise, the organization that has made this Item available makes no warranties about the Item and cannot guarantee the accuracy of this Rights Statement. You are responsible for your own use."@en,
"You may find additional information about the copyright status of the Item on the website of the organization that has made the Item available."@en,
"You may need to obtain other permissions for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy or moral rights may limit how you may use the material."@en ;
skos:prefLabel "In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted"@en ;
skos:scopeNote "This Rights Statement can be used only for copyrighted Items for which the organization making the Item available is the rights-holder or has been explicitly authorized by the rights-holder(s) to allow third parties to use their Work(s) for educational purposes without first obtaining permission."@en .

The table below documents the available RightsStatements.org rights statements and their IRIs.

IRILabel
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/Copyright Not Evaluated
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/In Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-OW-EU/1.0/In Copyright - EU Orphan Work
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-RUU/1.0/In Copyright - Rights-holder(s) Unlocatable or Unidentifiable
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/No Known Copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-CR/1.0/No Copyright - Contractual Restrictions
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/No Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Only
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-OKLR/1.0/No Copyright - Other Known Legal Restrictions
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/No Copyright - United States
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/Copyright Undetermined
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/collection-ic/1.0/Statements for works that are in copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/collection-nc/1.0/Statements for works that are not in copyright
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/collection-other/1.0/Statements for works where the copyright status is unclear

Wikidata Persons and Works

Paradicms will automatically add Wikidata RDF corresponding to any concept referenced in a sameAs statement. For example, a Work with a sameAs property of http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7251 will induce Paradicms to include the contents of http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7251.ttl in the graph as a separate class instance. Paradicms apps will merge properties from the Work and the Wikidata concept linked by sameAs.

Example sameAs reference to a Wikidata concept
<http://example.com/work> owl:sameAs <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7251> .
Automatically-included, abridged Wikidata RDF
<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7251> a wikibase:Item ;
rdfs:label "Alan Turing"@en ;
sdohttp:description "English mathematician and computer scientist (1912–1954)"@en
.

Wikimedia Commons Images

Paradicms will automatically attempt to add image licenses for Images with a source of a Wikimedia Commons file. For example, an Image with source of http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babbage_Difference_Engine.jpg will add a license of http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

Example source reference to a Wikimedia Commons image
<http://example.com/image> a dcmitype:Image ;
dcterms:source <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babbage_Difference_Engine.jpg>
.
Automatically added license metadata
<http://example.com/image> a dcmitype:Image ;
dcterms:source <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babbage_Difference_Engine.jpg>
dcterms:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>
.

Yale Works

Paradicms will automatically add Linked Art RDF to a collection dataset for any LUX: Yale Collections Discovery object referenced in a sameAs statement. The Yale enricher will also IIIF Presentation API image metadata for images associated with the referenced object.

For example, a Work with a sameAs property of https://lux.collections.yale.edu/data/object/25a33e3e-5ac3-4154-9d01-2cbbf87713ed (corresponding to this page) will induce Paradicms to include the RDF at that URL in the graph as well as the associated IIIF Presentation API manifest. Paradicms apps will merge properties from the Work and the Yale collection object linked by sameAs, including Yale Images referenced by the Yale collection object.

Example sameAs reference to a Yale collection object
<http://example.com/work> owl:sameAs <https://lux.collections.yale.edu/data/object/25a33e3e-5ac3-4154-9d01-2cbbf87713ed> .
Automatically-included, abridged Yale Linked Art RDF
<https://lux.collections.yale.edu/data/object/25a33e3e-5ac3-4154-9d01-2cbbf87713ed> a crm:E22_Human-Made_Object ;
rdfs:label "The Judgement Of Paris" ;
crm:P108i_was_produced_by <http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/N6f2f65e847fd4106a61ca4f0a53c4618> ;
crm:P129i_is_subject_of <http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/N32ce9ecc5df74ba094eb1949fae8a3e1>,
<http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/N338483458e4f4e1b95a80b36a2dd07ba>,
<http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/Nd098a034860f425281ab8e829df2432a> ;
crm:P138i_has_representation <http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/N5cfe0d968d36462d81368fa43710f18b>,
<http://paradicms.github.io/bnode/N972a3e9944744938a21f95d3ae209aaa> ;
.